RESEARCH ARTICLE
Live Attenuated Influenza H7N3 Vaccine is Safe, Immunogenic and Confers Protection in Animal Models
Andrey Rekstin *, 1, Yulia Desheva 1, Irina Kiseleva 1, Ted Ross 2, David Swayne 3, Larisa Rudenko 1
Article Information
Identifiers and Pagination:
Year: 2014Volume: 8
First Page: 154
Last Page: 162
Publisher ID: TOMICROJ-8-154
DOI: 10.2174/1874285801408010154
Article History:
Received Date: 3/7/2014Revision Received Date: 29/9/2014
Acceptance Date: 2/10/2014
Electronic publication date: 31 /12/2014
Collection year: 2014

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background:
In 2003 the outbreak of highly pathogenic H7 avian influenza occurred in the Netherlands. The avian H7 virus causing the outbreak was also detected in humans; one person died of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our paper describes preclinical studies of a H7N3 live attenuated influenza A vaccine (LAIV) candidate in various animal models.
Objectives:
To study safety, immunogenicity and protection of H7N3 LAIV candidate in mice, ferrets and chickens.
Methods:
The vaccine was generated by a classical reassortment between low pathogenicity A/mallard/Netherlands/00 (H7N3) virus and A/Leningrad4/17/57 (H2N2) master donor virus (MDV).
Results:
Immunogenicity was found that H7N3 LAIV was similar to the MDV in terms of replication in the respiratory organs of mice and failed to replicate in mouse brains. One dose of a H7N3 LAIV elicited measurable antibody response and it was further boosted with a second vaccine dose. Immunization of mice with H7N3 LAIV provided protection against infection following a homologous challenge with wild type H7N3 virus. Attenuated phenotype of H7N3 LAIV has been confirmed in ferrets. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of H7N3 LAIV in ferrets were also demonstrated. The vaccine protected animals from subsequent infection with wild type H7N3 virus. The results of histopathology study revealed that inoculation of H7N3 LAIV in ferrets did not cause any inflammation or destructive changes in lungs.
Lack of H7N3 LAIV replication in chicken demonstrated complete safety of this preparation for poultry.
Conclusion:
Results of our study suggest that new H7N3 LAIV candidate is safe, immunogenic and protects from homologues influenza virus infection in mice and ferrets.